INTRODUCTION
The Integrating of
Naqli (revealed) and Aqli (human) in counseling is important for all Muslim to
be the daie. Integrate based on Oxford Student’s Dictionary is to join things
so that they become one thing or work together, while other word is segregation,
that is separating people of different races. This is due to the important of using counseling in Islamic
way based on dalil and naqli. We must know what the different and similarity
using application counseling between in Islamic and Western.
The counselor have
role in advising people to achieve
happiness and harmony in their life. Counseling is a process that involves the
help of interaction between two person, one person help giving advice and
another people who receive aid in a harmonious, full awareness and
understanding. Guidance involves giving orders on a regular basis and contain
information appropriate to determine that a goal is reached by the person
receiving.
In Islam,
there are obligation had given to the human kind. The obligations were known as
hisbah. It’s means call to goodness and avoid badness (amar ma’ruf wa nahy
munkar) and corrects the society ( islah bayna annas ) or corrects the wrongful
of society . The stressful of obligation of hisbah , as Allah said:
وَلْتَكُن
مِّنكُمْ
أُمَّةٌ
يَدْعُونَ
إِلَى
الْخَيْرِ
وَيَأْمُرُونَ
بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
وَيَنْهَوْنَ
عَنِ
الْمُنكَرِ
ۚ
وَأُولَـٰئِكَ
هُمُ
الْمُفْلِحُونَ ﴿104﴾
“And let there be [arising] from you a nation inviting to
[all that is] good, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, and
those will be the successful.”
(Al-Imran 3:104)
In conclusion, we must know the difference
meaning of theories between Islamic and
western perspectives in counseling. This is also important you know good manner
in Islamic in counseling that do not have in western.
Definition Of Counseling In Islamic
perspectives
In Islam, term
counseling could be translated into Arabic word as “Al-Nasihah”.It means to
give advice ,counseling ,guidance ,truth ,faithful ,loyal ,exhortation,
consultation , friendly admonition ,and friendly reminder (cowan 1976).The
prophet said “religion is an advice”. Al-Nasihah is derived from the hadith:-
“One asked the prophet what is the best deed in Islam. He
replied, say I believe to Allah and steadfast to Allah rules .He was asked what
is the worst thing. He shows his finger to his mouth . It means to keep the
mouth from bad deeds like backbiting and lying “
(Al- Tirmidhi,Al – Nasai ,Ibn Majah.)
The advice advise
each other mutually responsibility recommended that people that people take on
trustee from Allah. Allah say surah Al –Asr versus 1-3 which means :
واعصر (1) أن الانسن لفى خسر (2) ألا الذين
ءامنوا وعملوا الصلحات وتواصوا بلحق وتواصوا بالصبروا (3)
By time (1)
Indeed, mankind is in loss (2) Except for those who have believed and done
righteous deeds and advised each other to truth and advised each other to
patience. (3)
Actually ,there is
no exact definition of counseling in Islam, it can
be regarded as art and skill dealing stigmatically with man’s crises of his
intellectual emotional ,behavior and soul and providing him guidelines to
manage them properly counseling essentially means “soul healing “
In Islam, soul refers to immaterial spiritual essence located in the core
of the spiritual heart in man’s body ,the evil soul will course badness. The prophet sad “indeed in your body bad. In fact ,it is heart”
Definition Of Counseling in Western
Perspectives
Counseling in Western Perspectives is a process of
interaction to understand between counselor and client. The Counselor must be
professional and have practical.
The definition
first and second represent the western point of view of counseling and
highlight the importance of the therapeutic relationship .The emphasize the
importance of helping of helping and supporting in individuals in moving
forward with their life.
The first
definition ,from the British Association from counseling and psychotherapy
(BACP) is based on three essential elements required in counseling .
There are the therapeutic relationship ,the counselor‘s
attitude towards the client ,and atmosphere of the counseling.
Example: Acceptance and respect for the client are essential
for counselor and ,as the relationship develops ,so to trust between counselor and
client . The counselor may help the client enabling the client to look and
examine in detail behavior or situation.
The second
definition is given by Feltham and Dryolen (2004).
Counseling is principled relationship characterized by the
application of one or more psychological theories and a recognized set of
communication skills ,modified by experience, intuition and other interpersonal factors ,to client
intimate concerns ,problems or aspirations.
The third
definition Good (1945) counseling is counselor have knowledge and capable to
helping in solve problem client until this client can make decision properly.
The fourth
definition from Pepinsky (1954) counseling is process that have interaction
between a counselor and client. This Interaction happen in situation difficult
with the purpose to help client to change their behavior until the discussion
taken them to like it.
GOOD MANNER HELP ISLAMIC IN
COUNSELING
The Islamic rich with Manner encompassing all
human life. The specific help in counseling not expressly described guidelines
defined in the Islamic because counseling look as counted as a modern discipline.
Therefore, that Manners following is a summary loaded from a variety of sources,
there are manners in Islam especially manners of social and communication.
This is good manner that do not have in Western.
1)Say “Salam” and shake hands.
Give salam and shake hands is an identity of Muslim. Furthermore,
the it is noble sunnah practiced by every Muslims.
قَالَ رَسُولُ
اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " إِذَا الْتَقَى الْمُسْلِمَانِ فَتَصَافَحَا
وَحَمِدَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَاسْتَغْفَرَاهُ غُفِرَ لَهُمَا"
“ The Prophet said: If two
Muslims meet, shake hands, praise Allah, and ask Him for forgiveness, they will
be forgiven.”
2)Say
good and smooth words.
Voice of
tone is also suitable and included for the good manner. Interaction between Muslim
or non – Muslim important in Islam.
قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ
خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَلِيم(263)
“Kind
speech and forgiveness are better than charity followed by injury. And Allah is
Free of need and Forbearing.”
Surah 2.
Al-Baqara 2 : 263.
3)Avoid
from bad words.
Avoid from
words don’t give benefits to counselor and client. The instruction for avoid
from bad words and a activities not benefits.
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ
الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (1) الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ (2) وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ
عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ (3)
Certainly
will the believers have succeeded(1) They who
are during their prayer humbly submissive (2) And they who turn away from ill
speech (3)
Surah al-mukminun
ayat 1-3
4)See face
client and smile.
See face
and smile encourages in Islam, when meet other people either private meet or
open meet should be smile.
يقول أبو الدرداء
رضي الله عنه :" ما رأيت أو ما سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يحدث حديثا
الا تبسم
“I (Abu
Darda ) never see Rasullullah (SAW)talk something except he smile in talk.”
(hadis
riwayat Tabrani ,and Imam Ahmad )
5)Good
relationship maintain after session.
In Islam
relationship between Muslim do not formally only or place and time a specific.
انما المؤمن
اخوه....
“The
believers are but brothers.”
(Surah al
hujurat 49:10)
6)The main
take religion as a source of guidance.
Allah give
guide with very perfect and true. Discussion based on Al-Quran and Al-sunnah
will be give benefits to client.
فلا وربك لا
يؤمن حتى يحكموك فيما شجر بينهم ثم لا يجدوا في أنفهم حراجا مما قضيت ويسلموا
تسليما( 65 )
But no, by
your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muhammad],
judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves and then find
within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged and submit in [full,
willing] submission.
Surah
al-nisa 4:65
This
is good manner that is same between western and Islamic.
7)
Secrecy.
Do not
tell secret client to another else . Story about cases and personal of
information to be kept preferably.Allah said in surah Annur , 19
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَشِيعَ الْفَاحِشَةُ فِي الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُوا
“Those who
desire that scandal should spread among the Muslims, for them is the painful
torment in this world And the Hereafter And Allah knows and you know not.”
8)Place
and environment conducive.
This is important
to ensure the comfort and Successful encounters. The attention given need to follow mood client, counselor must be aware and able to adapt with clients and the environment.
Categorize from imam al-Ghazali place and environment conducive in manner
listening (good manner as-sima).
9) The appropriate distance between counselor and client.
وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ وَاغْضُضْ مِن صَوْتِكَ
إِنَّ أَنكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْت الْحَمِيرِ ُ
“Be modest
in thy bearing and subdue thy voice . Lo! in harshest of all voices is the
voice of the ass .”
Surah Luqman ayat 19
While not
touch of topics the distance when communicating, but we can take in general,
the required distance is appropriate and not very distant. This means that the distance between two people who speak must be
relatively close to allow them listen well with each other.
Some
good manner from Western.
(Stewart
et al 1978).
1)The
session counseling not in hurry.
The first
time half an hour in session, counselor do not have really known what the story
of client . Besides that ,counselor should be given time to client for suitable
with counselor without not in hurry.
Same with Islamic
good manner.
2)Secrecy
The
discussion in counseling have limit. It
means the place the room counseling should far from interference and
noisy sound such as sound telephone or interference sound voice of people.
3)Exist
same status between counselor and client.
The
counselor should be alert to something that can have difference perception
between counselor and client. Example: The counselor sit down in chair higher
than client.
THEORY OF COUNSELING IN ISLAMIC
Imam Al-Ghazali Theory On Counseling.
According
to Imam Ghazali the internal aspect of humans, which are the emotions,
the mind
and the soul that are strong.
1) The three categories of humans under al-Ghazal
theory.
-
nafs ammarah: which is
the raging desire to bow and obey the wishes of sexual desire and the devil.
Allah had exhorted, which means:
-
وَمَا أُبَرِّئُ
نَفْسِي إِنَّ النَّفْسَ لأمَّارَةٌ بِالسُّوءِ إِلا مَا رَحِمَ رَبِّي إِنَّ رَبِّي
غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
‘And I do
not hold my own self to be free from weakness; for, the soul is surely prone to
enjoin evil, save that whereon my god has mercy. Surely, my god is most
Forgiving, Merciful.’
(Surah
Yusuf – 53)
-nafs lawwamah: the
individual to neglect or transgress the laws of Allah and to
to ultimately feel remorseful. Allah
had exhorted ,Which means :
وَلا أُقْسِمُ
بِالنَّفْسِ اللَّوَّامَةِ
“And I
swear by the reproaching soul, that the Day of Judgment is a certainty”
(Surah
Al-Qiyammah – 2)
-
nafs mutmainnah: the raging desire for a peaceful and righteous mind.
يَا أَيَّتُهَا
النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ ﴿٢٧﴾ ارْجِعِي إِلَىٰ رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَّرْضِيَّةً
﴿٢٨﴾ فَادْخُلِي فِي عِبَادِي ﴿٢٩﴾ وَادْخُلِي جَنَّتِي ﴿٣٠﴾
“To the
righteous it will be said], "O reassured soul, Return to your god,
well-pleased and pleasing [to Him], And enter among My [righteous] servants And
enter My Paradise”
(Surah
fjar 27-30)
2)The
level of human soul
- al-Ghazali has classified the human soul
to three levels, which is the low, intermediate and
High. The
attainments of the different levels of raging desire (nafs) in humans depends
on
knowledge and training of the soul.
3) Human traits counseling approach by
Al-Ghazali.
- The correct technique
in Islamic counseling uses wisdom, good advice and discussions,
Mindfulness to Allah,
repentance (taubah), contemplation (tafakur), prayers (doas) and
formal workshop
(solat).
-The counselor
should be uses this model needs to know
the characteristics of good behavior
(mahmudah) and bad
behavior (mazmumah) and the ways to practice the characteristics of
Good
behavior.
-To help the clients
return to natural instincts that shape life according to the ways of Allah
(Sunnatullah),the counselor should possess Basic
knowledge related that . The client should
be ready
to cooperate to allow him to be guided so that his problem would be solve.
-This counseling
model provides the basics that can become a guide for counselors who may
want to use the
Islamic approach.
THEORY OF COUNSELING IN WESTERN
CONCLUSION
In overall, counseling is a process in
which counselor help client to change their behavior, opinion , decision making
and solve the problem properly . Counselor should build a good relationship with client until they feel they have someone taking care about them
and help them.
Nowadays, everyday have news and
many problems in our life. This is why client need counselor to help them
dealing with these problem. Among problem at Malaysia such as divorce between husband and wife ,No
understanding in family members, MH 370 , problem with teenager ,social problems
and another else. Counselor also know about the current issue as a preparation
for them to deal with their clients.
Counselor Islamic that Muslim and
muslimah need be careful with use theory from perspectives Western. Counselor Muslim
can still using theory western but do not conflict with teaching from Islam. Counselors
Muslims should not follow Western models of counseling that are expressly
exempted from the values and religious beliefs.
BIBLIOGRAFY
4. Sapora Sipon,Hapsah Yusof.2013.Pengenalan kepada
Profesion Kaunseling.Edisi Kedua.Nilai.Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
5. Laura A King. Experience Psychology. Second
Edition.
6. Mizan Adiliah Ahmad Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Fazrul
Azdi Wan Razali & Hanif Osman. (2006).Kaunseling dalam Islam . Cetakan
Pertama. Fakulti Kepimpinan dan Pengurusan
(KUIM).
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